中非人文交流与合作

摘要：人文交流是国与国、民与民之间增进了解、加深理解、建立互信的桥梁，是中非关系全面深入发展的必要条件和重要体现。经过双方多年的共同努力，中非文化交流与合作机制不断提升完善，中非文化交流正在向常态化和品牌化发展，中非影视合作成效显著，中国文化中心日益发挥着重要作用，中国不断加大对非洲文化领域人力资源培训，为非洲培养了大量文化人才。中非教育交流与合作不断取得新进展，呈现出规模日益扩大、领域不断拓展、形式趋于多样、层次逐步提升等特点。中非双方持续加强合作，在合作机制、留学生教育、孔子学院建设、高校校际交流合作、职业技术教育合作、教育援助等方面取得了显著成果。中非文化教育交流与合作亦面临许多问题和挑战，包括非洲文化产业发展落后、非洲教育状况不容乐观、中非文化相互影响较弱、中非教育合作水平较低、中国文化中心和孔子学院建设遇到一些困难等。未来中非双方需要进一步加强合作，推动中非文化教育交流与合作不断迈上新台阶，着力打造“民心相通”工程，为中非关系顺利发展提供强大动力，夯实社会民意基础。中非医疗卫生合作是中非合作论坛约翰内斯堡峰会提出的中非“十大合作计划”之一。事实上，中非卫生领域的合作由来已久，自1963年中国向阿尔及利亚派出第一支医疗队开始，中非之间的卫生合作已取得丰硕成果。新时期中非医疗卫生合作逐渐从传统友谊型援助向多层次、宽领域、全方位合作方向转变，呈现出向纵深拓展的发展趋势。与此同时，中非医疗卫生合作也面临着一些观念层面与实际操作中的问题与挑战。为此，中方应调整工作思路，着眼长远，以巩固中非卫生合作成果，进一步扩大合作的有效性及影响力，拓展中国在非洲以及全球卫生战略布局中的利益，实现中非双方卫生领域的互利共赢，夯实中非传统友好关系。加强中非新闻媒体交流与合作不仅是中非经济合作的客观需要，还是为了超越西方媒体的“他者”视角，呈现一个真实的非洲，同时有助于打破西方负面舆论对中非关系的错误定性和不实指责。近年来，随着中非关系全面快速发展，中国媒体越来越多地进入非洲，以不同于西方的中国媒体视角，来客观公正地报道非洲和中非关系，同时有力地推动了当地广播电视、传媒业的发展。中非媒体交流与合作在一定程度上改变了非洲传媒格局，带来了有别于西方媒体的报道视角和叙事方式，而这对非洲传媒和非洲民众的影响可能更加深远。我们在看到中非新闻媒体交流与合作取得很大进展的同时，更应该清楚地认识到其中存在的问题和挑战，并且采取务实有效的措施进行积极应对和解决，以推动中非新闻媒体交流与合作不断发展。关键词：中非人文交流与合作；文化教育；医疗卫生；新闻媒体Abstract：The people-to-people and cultural exchanges，a bridge facilitating the understanding and the establishment of mutual trust between peoples and states，is a precondition and important embodiment for the comprehensive and further development of China-Africa relations.After many years of joint effort，the China-Africa cultural exchange and cooperation mechanism has been constantly improved so that the cultural exchanges between the two sides have become normalized.China and Africa have achieved remarkable success in film and television industry cooperation，for which the Chinese cultural centers have been playing an increasingly important role.China has promoted the training of human resources in the field of African culture and trained a large number of cultural professionals for African countries.New progress has been made in educational exchanges and cooperation between China and Africa，demonstrating constant growth，ever increasing scale，continuous expansion in cooperation areas，diversified cooperation forms，and gradual upgrading of exchange levels.China and Africa have continued to strengthen their cooperation and have made remarkable achievements in such areas as cooperation mechanisms，education of international students，establishment of Confucius Institutes，intercollegiate exchan ges and cooperation，cooperation in technical and vocational education，and educational assistance.Cultural and educational exchanges and cooperation between China and Africa are also confronted with many problems and challenges，including underdeveloped African cultural industry，poor educational conditions in Africa，limited cultural interaction between China and Africa，and difficulties in establishment of Chinese cultural centers and the Confucius Institutes.In the future，China and Africa need to further strengthen cooperation so as to lift China-Africa cultural and educational exchanges and cooperation to new heights，and strive to develop programs that help bring the Chinese and African peoples closer together and provide a powerful impetus for the smooth development of China-Africa relations by consolidating social and civil foundations.China-Africa medical and healthcare cooperation is one of the“Ten Major China-Africa Cooperation Plans”put forward by the Chinese government during the FOCAC Johannesburg Summit.China-Africa cooperation in this field has a long history and fruitful results have been achieved since the first medical team was sent to Algeria in 1963.In the new period，China-Africa medical and healthcare cooperation has evolved gradually from traditional assistance into multilevel，wide-ranging，and all-round cooperation，with a trend of in-depth development.At the same time，medical and healthcare cooperation between China and Africa is also faced with some problems and challenges in terms of concept and practice.To this end，the focus should be on long-term development in order to consolidate the results of China-Africa health cooperation，further expand the effectiveness and influence of that cooperation，achieve mutual benefit and win-win results in this sector，and ultimately consolidate the traditional friendly relations between China and Africa.Strengtheningexchanges and cooperation between Chinese and African media outlets is not only an objective requirement of China-Africa economic cooperation，but also an obligation to present a true Africa beyond the“other”perspective of the Western media，which will help present a positive alternative to false accusations of the nature of China-Africa relations by Western media coverage.In recent years，with rapid and comprehensive development of China-Africa relations，an increasing number of Chinese media organizations have entered Africa with the aim of providing objective and fair media coverage on Africa and China-Africa relations from a perspective different from that adopted by the Western media，which has greatly promoted the development of the local radio，television and the media industry.Media exchanges and cooperation between China and Africa have changed the media pattern in Africa to a certain extent and may have a far-reaching impact on the African media and the African people.In spite of the great progress made in media exchanges and cooperation between China and Africa，existing problems and challenges are real and require practical，effective measures to actively respond to and solve in order to promote further development of media exchanges and cooperation between the two sides.Key Words：China-Africa people-to-people and cultural exchanges and cooperation，cultural education，medicine and healthcare，press media

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