适度差距与系统优化：中国现代化进程中的区域经济

Insead of presenting a microscopic study of economic activities of one region or location，or a focused study on specific factors that bear upon regional economic development，or a macro geo—economic study of an ideal economic layout，this article，by viewing regional economies as constituents of the overall national economy，explores the conditions for overall economic development on the phase of the relations between regional ecnomies and system optimization.The theory of system optimization with reasonable regional gaps，the core of this article，is put forward on the basis of a critical review of the theory of balanced development and the theory of imbalanced development.The system optimization theory should not be identified with the theory of balanced development，for the ultimate goal of the latter is the greatest possible minimization of regional gaps，which assumes that regional gaps virtually impede developmet.But this article considers regional gaps and development imbalances are universal and regular phenomena，results of a series of objective factors.Besides，from the point of view of overall econmomic development，so long as the gaps do not widen to such a degree that they exceed a critical point，they should not be merely understood as negative phnomena that we have no choice but to put up with，but are justified to be seen as favorable conditions for economic development.More important，it is exactly the gaps between regional economies in terms of deveopment phases and levels that consitute a favorable condition for the overall economic development，especially the low cost and step—by—step adjustment and reform of industrial and economic structures，and thus help to boost the overall economic efficiency and development level.Therefore，judging by this regional development view which underscores overall coordinated efficiency，it is not necessary and appropriate to regard minimization of regional gaps as a prior goal when these gaps are kept within a certain limit.In fact，the existence of regional gaps and juxtaposition of different development phases are advantages specific to big economies，and should be recognized and utilized.Also，the theory of system optimization differs from the theory of imbalanced development.The latter，creative as it is，over—stresses the role of government intervention and the arbituary creation and intensification of development imbalances.Though theoretically speaking，the theory of imbalanced development is based on the interactions between sectors and regions and expects that the prior development of some sectors and regions will pull forward the overall deveopment of the national economy，the government's implementation of imbalance strategy proved to have cut off the normal economic relations between sectors and regions，as a result the prior development of some sectors and regions are virtually isolated ones set in self—contained cycles without pulling forward the overall economic development as expected.Besides，gaps between sectors and regions are arbitually widened，which intensifies tension and contradictions.As a sharp contrast，the theory of system optimization，by taking the objective phnomenon of imbalanced development into full consideration，advocates full use of development imbalances but rejects the idea of intentional creation of imbalances.The theory of system optimization also emphasizes comparative advantages in regional differences，stresses market integration between regions，as well as the gravity of the presence of favorable market conditions in actual exploitation of the comparative advantages because market and market prices are in fact a measurement of comparative advantages and a mechanism of their actual exploitation.That is to say，the so—called system optimization refers to the facilitation of the interaction，cooperation and common prosperity of different regions on the basis of utilizing their comparative advantages.The concept of system optimization also connotes assocation and overall development; while organic relations between regional economies refers to their reasonable division of labor on the basis of their comparative advantages and mutual dependence and cooperation through interactions.In China's modernization drive，technological renovation and institutional reform are fundamental ways to realize regional economic development in the above mentioned sense.The development of modern economy，especially the incipient knowledge economy，gives special stragegic weight to technological renovation in development.According to the different development phases and actual conditions of various regional economies in China，it is especially important in formulating development strategy to consider grabbing as quickly as possible the commanding heights in high and new technologies so as to improve the competitive edge of China's economy.This should be set as a major development goal especially in coastal areas where development conditions are more favorable.As a result，extraordinary development may be expected in some regions.To reach that goal，it is essential to establish excellent technological renovation mechnism that enables the development，populariation and application of high and new technologies.On the other hand，according to the different development levels of regional economies，while developing high and new technologies，attention should also be paid to the developmemt and improvement of some traditional technologies，which is also a kind of technological renovation.In fact in most regions in China now and in a rather long period in future，the priority should be given to the latter，that is，to the reform and improvement of traditional industries with high or applicable advanced technologies.The basic task of institutional reform is to accomplish the fundamental transformation of the economic system as soon as possible.At present many contradictions in regional economic development like regional gaps are ，to a large degree，phenomena specific to the economic transitional period.These phenomena have their roots in the contradiction between the old and the new economic systems.That is to say，so long as the transitional period persists and the old economic system still prevails in some regions，especially the backward regions，the coordinated development of regional economies will be seriously impeded.Hence the necessity of a complete institutioanl reform.The basic rask of this reform is the readjustment of system of ownership.System optimization in regional economic development with reasonable regional gaps entails corresponding government policies and administration.Therefore the government's functions and roles should meet the need of the development of socialist market economy.Key Words: China Modernization Drive，Regional Ecomomy，Reasonable Gap，System Optimization.

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